Scientists at the Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Mohali, have developed a new electrolyte additive that could make rechargeable aqueous zinc batteries safer, longer-lasting and more affordable. The research introduces a simple electrolyte engineering approach that enhances battery stability without compromising performance, offering potential benefits for large-scale energy storage applications.
Researchers at the Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), an autonomous institute under the Department of Science and Technology (DST), have reported a breakthrough that could address one of the long-standing challenges in aqueous zinc battery technology.
The study focuses on improving the performance of aqueous zinc batteries (AZIBs), which are considered a promising alternative to lithium-ion batteries because of their lower cost, enhanced safety and environmental advantages. Despite these benefits, their commercial adoption has been limited by issues such as zinc dendrite formation, hydrogen evolution and poor cycling stability.
To overcome these challenges, the research team developed an electrolyte additive known as BDIM, synthesised using glutamic acid, sodium hydroxide, glyoxal, formaldehyde and acetic acid. According to the researchers, the additive forms a protective layer on the zinc surface during battery operation, helping regulate ion movement while reducing unwanted side reactions.
The study found that BDIM selectively adsorbs onto the zinc anode, creating a more stable interface that suppresses hydrogen evolution and promotes uniform zinc deposition. This process reduces dendrite growth, a major factor affecting battery life and safety.
The team also combined an ultramicroelectrode (UME) with fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) to investigate zinc deposition mechanisms in greater detail. Their findings indicate that the additive improves charge-transfer behaviour while supporting faster and more stable electrochemical reactions.
Led by Dr. Ramendra Sundar Dey, Scientist E at INST Mohali, the research has been published in the Journal ACS Electrochemistry. The scientists believe the technology can be applied across aqueous zinc-ion batteries, grid-scale energy storage systems and other renewable energy applications.
By extending battery lifespan, reducing performance degradation and lowering maintenance requirements, the innovation could strengthen the role of aqueous zinc batteries in renewable energy storage, electric mobility and backup power infrastructure.
The researchers said the work demonstrates how electrolyte engineering can improve battery reliability while supporting the development of safer and cost-effective energy storage technologies.
Source: This article is based on an official press release issued by the Press Information Bureau (PIB), Ministry of Science & Technology, Government of India
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